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| falling action | the fourth part of plot, in which the complications are untangled |
| exposition | part of plot that provides setting, introduces characters, and establishes situation |
| setting | time and place of a story |
| conflict | struggle between opposing forces |
| flashback | device where a scene from the past is inserted into the present |
| allusion | a reference--whether explicit or implicit--to history, the Bible, myth, literature, painting, music, and so on |
| antagonist | a character or force that opposes the main character |
| metaphor | comparison of two unlike things in which no word of comparison is used |
| climax | the high point, or turning point, in a story--usually the most intense point in the plot |
| internal conflict | a character struggles with himself or herself |
| rising action | second part of the plot where the situation gets complicated or the conflict intensifies |
| plot | the action or the sequence of related events |
| situational irony | great difference in what was expected and what happened |
| protagonist | main character or hero of the story |
| simile | a comparison of two unlike things in which a word of comparison (like or as) is used |
| dramatic irony | the reader sees a character's mistakes or misunderstandings, but the character himself does not |
| foreshadowing | giving hints and clues of what is to come later in a story |
| symbol | person, place, or thing used to represent something else |
| verbal irony | when someone says one thing but means something completely different |